Bio 110 Tutorials

1 Welcome

Welcome to the BIO 110 tutorial site! Here you can find tutorials that will teach you how to work with data.

Here’s a quick introduction for how to use the tutorials:

Use the bar at the top of the website to navigate between tutorials.
The tutorials sometimes take a little time to load, wait until there is a green circle that says Ready! under “WEBR STATUS” at the top of the page.
There are interactive code editors throughout the tutorials. Click the green “run code” button to run them.
- Sometimes, there is an option to see a hint, check your work or see the answer. You are encouraged to try writing the code yourself before looking at a hint or the answer. You can also click the “Check your work” button if you want a way to see if you did it right without giving away the answer.
- Within a code editor, everything is considered code and will run when you click “run code”. You can tell R to IGNORE a line by using a # in front of the line. This is called commenting.

Sometimes, code chunks use the output from previous code chunks to run. So, it’s important to go through each tutorial sequentially. If you get an error message that says “Error: object not found”, it is probably because you didn’t run the previous code chunks, or because you typed the code wrong.
- You can do separate tutorials out of order, as they do not rely on each other to run. For example, it’s fine to do lesson 4 before lesson 2.
You can refresh the page to restart, but this will delete any code you’ve already completed.
Error: If you get an error message, check that you included all the parenthesis, quotation marks and capitalization (R is case sensitive).
- If that still doesn’t work, try copying and pasting the given answer and running the code. If that doesn’t work, you probably forgot to run a previous code chunk or properly define a variable.